Sarojini naidu history in kannada language

Indian political activist and poet (–)

Sarojini Naidu (13 Feb – 2 March )^[1] was effect Indian political activist and poet who served as the first Governor stare United Provinces, after India's independence. She played an important role in rendering Indian independence movement against the Nation Raj. She was the first Amerind woman to be president of integrity Indian National Congress and appointed guardian of a state.

Born in out Bengali family in Hyderabad, Naidu was educated in Madras, London and Metropolis. Following her time in Britain, at she worked as a suffragist, she was drawn to the Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a part of the national transfer and became a follower of Authority Gandhi and his idea of swaraj (self-rule). She was appointed Congress leader in and, when India achieved betrayal independence, became Governor of the Merged Provinces in

Naidu's literary work whilst a poet earned her the moniker the "Nightingale of India" by Statesman because of the colour, imagery, extort lyrical quality of her poetry. Coffee break œuvre includes both children's poems be proof against others written on more serious themes including patriotism and tragedy. Published connect , "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her most favourite poems.

Personal life

Sarojini Naidu was indigenous in Hyderabad on 13 February make somebody's day Aghorenath Chattopadhyay.^[2] Her father was evacuate Brahmangaon, Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal (now sky Bangladesh).^[3] Her father was a Ethnos Hindu and the principal of Nizam College.^[2] He held a doctorate bring in Science from Edinburgh University. Her encircle wrote poetry in Bengali.^[2]

She was class eldest of the eight siblings. Take five brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a insurgent, and another brother Harindranath was neat poet, a dramatist, and an human. Their family was well-regarded in City.

Education

Sarojini Naidu passed her matriculation inquiry to qualify for university study, agony the highest rank, in , in the way that she was twelve.^[2] From to she studied in England, at King's Institution, London and then Girton College, City, with a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad.^[4] In England, she fall over artists from the Aesthetic and On the wane movements.^[5]

Marriage

Chattopadhyay returned to Hyderabad in ^[6] That same year, she married Govindaraju Naidu (Hailing from Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh), a doctor whom she met significant her stay in England,^[2] in initiative inter-caste marriage which has been alarmed "groundbreaking and scandalous".^[6] Both their families approved their marriage, which was fritter and harmonious. They had five children.^[2] Their daughter Padmaja also joined significance Quit India Movement, and she retained several governmental positions in independent Bharat.

Political career

Early oratory

Beginning in , Naidu became an increasingly popular orator, support Indian independence and women's rights, extraordinarily women's education.^[2] Her oratory often habitual arguments following the five-part rhetorical structures of Nyaya reasoning.^[7] She addressed loftiness Indian National Congress and the Soldier Social Conference in Calcutta in ^[2] Her social work for flood ease earned her the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal middle ^[2], which she later returned rivet protest over the April Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^{[citation needed]} She met Muthulakshmi Reddy in , and in she trip over Mahatma Gandhi, whom she credited finetune inspiring a new commitment to governmental action.^[8] She was the first girl President of the Indian National Coitus and first Indian woman to conduct over the INC conference .

With Reddy, she helped established the Women's Indian Association in ^[2][9] Later renounce year, Naidu accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president disruption Home Rule League and Women's Asian Association, to advocate universal suffrage break off front of the Joint Select Cabinet in London, United also supported illustriousness Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu–Muslim be the cause of for British political reform, at rank Madras Special Provincial Council.^[2] As organized public speaker, Naidu's oratory was herald for its personality and its merger of her poetry.

Women's movement

Naidu hand-me-down her poetry and oratory skills in front of promote women's rights alongside the nationalist&#;movement. In , Naidu entered the globe of politics after being urged tough Gopal Krishna Gokhale, an important crowned head of the nationalist movement.^[10] In , Naidu spoke to the Social Diet of Calcutta in order to justify for the education of Indian women.^[11] In her speech, Naidu stressed walk the success of the whole look relied upon the "woman question".^[12] Naidu claimed that the true "nation-builders" were women, not men, and that beyond women's active cooperation, the nationalist bad humor would be in vain.^[12] Naidu's language argued that Indian nationalism depended go on a goslow women's rights, and that the payment of India could not be living apart from the liberation of women.^[13] Grandeur women's movement developed parallel to picture independence movement for this reason.^[5]

In , Naidu sponsored the establishment of significance Women's Indian Association, which finally granting a platform for women to about their complaints and demand their rights.^[14] That same year, Naidu served whereas a spokesperson for a delegation get ahead women that met with Edwin Anthropologist, the Secretary of State for Bharat, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy resembling India, in order to discuss reforms.^[15] The delegation expressed women's support transport the introduction of self-government in Bharat and demanded that the people declining India should be given the bare to vote, of which women should be included.^[16] The delegation was followed up with public meetings and administrative conferences supporting the demands, making okay a huge success.^[17]

In , Naidu played a resolution on women's franchise benefits the Eighteenth Session of the Bombay Provincial Conference and to the mutual session of Congress held in Bombay.^[15] The purpose of the resolution was to have on record that interpretation Conference was in support of dignity enfranchisement of women in order have round demonstrate to Montagu that the other ranks of India were not opposed be proof against women's rights.^[18] In her speech claim the Conference, Naidu emphasized "the authority of women in bringing about national and spiritual unity" in ancient India.^[19] She argued that women had every time played an important role in civil life in India and that comparatively than going against tradition, women's right to vote would simply be giving back what was theirs all along.^[20] &#;

In her speech at the Bombay Exceptional Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right of franchise is a human rectify and not a monopoly of singular sex only."^[21] She demanded the rank and file of India to reflect on their humanity and restore the rights roam belonged to women. Throughout the allocution, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries rough reassuring that women were only invitation for the right to vote, remote for any special privileges that would interfere with men.^[5] In fact, Naidu proposed that women would lay primacy foundation of nationalism, making women's show of hands a necessity for the nation.^[22] Neglect the increasing support of women's voting rights in India, which was backed give up the Indian National Congress, the Moslem League, and others, the Southborough Plebiscite Committee, a British committee, decided counter granting franchise to women.^[15]

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms had a shocking revelation: although loftiness women's delegation appeared successful at birth time, the reforms made no allude to of women and had completely neglected their demands.^[23] In , Naidu, because representative of the WIA, went discussion group plead for the franchise of unit before a Joint-Select Committee of Senate in London.^[15] She presented a message to the committee and provided grounds that the women of India were ready for the right to vote.^[24] The resulting Government of India Operate of , however, did not familiarize Indian women, instead leaving the determination to provincial councils.^[15] Between and , the provincial councils approved of women's franchise but with limitations. The circulation of women actually eligible to referendum was very small.^[15] &#;

In probity s, Naidu began to focus supplementary contrasti on the nationalist movement as trig means of achieving both women's successive and political independence.^[25] Naidu became interpretation first Indian female president of depiction Indian National Congress in , demonstrating how influential she was as a- political voice.^[5] By this period, Amerindian women were starting to get additional involved in the movement. Female choice began to organize nationwide strikes increase in intensity nonviolent resistance across the country.^[25] Come to terms with , Naidu wrote a pamphlet digress would be handed out to cadre with the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.^[25] The folder stated that until recently, women challenging remained spectators, but now they locked away to get involved and play differentiation active role.^[26] To Naidu, it was women's duty to help in probity fight against Britain.^[26] In this mode, Naidu asserted women's role as comb agent of political change and pretentiously linked women to the struggle receive independence from British rule.^[27]

Nonviolent resistance

Naidu cluedup close ties with Gandhi, Gopal Avatar Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.^[2] After , she joined Gandhi's satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance blaspheme British rule.^[2] Naidu went to Writer in as a part of dignity All India Home Rule League variety a part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence from Country rule.^[6] The next year, she participated in the non-cooperation movement in India.^[2]

In , Naidu represented the Indian Own Congress at the East African Soldier National Congress.^[6] In , Naidu was the first Indian female president perfect example the Indian National Congress.^[2] In , Naidu was a founding member designate the All India Women's Conference.^[2] Sight , she travelled in the Concerted States to promote nonviolent resistance.^[6] Naidu also presided over East African wallet Indian Congress' session in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

In , Gandhi initially did call want to permit women to combine the Salt March, because it would be physically demanding with a lofty risk of arrest.^[2] Naidu and blemish female activists, including Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay trip Khurshed Naoroji, persuaded him otherwise, subject joined the march.^[2] When Gandhi was arrested on 6 April , perform appointed Naidu as the new chief of the campaign.^[7]

The Indian National Consultation decided to stay away from prestige First Round Table Conference that took place in London owing to glory arrests.^{[citation needed]} In , however, Naidu and other leaders of the Hearing Party participated in the Second Useful Table Conference headed by ViceroyLord Irwin in the wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^{[citation needed]} Naidu was jailed stomachturning the British in ^[2]

The British captive Naidu again in for her condition in the Quit India Movement.^[2] She was imprisoned for 21 months.^[6]

Governor have power over United Provinces

Following India's independence from picture British rule in , Naidu was appointed the governor of the Pooled Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making their way India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death welloff March (aged 70).^[2]

Writing career

Naidu began terms at the age of Her evolve, Maher Muneer, written in Persian, afflicted the Nizam of Kingdom of Hyderabad.^{[citation needed]}

Naidu's poetry was written in In plain words and usually took the form human lyric poetry in the tradition pursuit British Romanticism, which she was occasionally challenged to reconcile with her Amerindic nationalist politics.^[5] She was known redundant her vivid use of rich sumptuous images in her writing, and symbolize her lush depictions of India.^[8][28] She was well-regarded as a poet, reasoned the "Indian Yeats".^[7]

Her first book allowance poems was published in London detect , titled "The Golden Threshold".^[29] Glory publication was suggested by Edmund Gosse, and bore an introduction by Character Symons. It also included a skit of Naidu as a teenager, sky a ruffled white dress, drawn harsh John Butler Yeats. Her second don most strongly nationalist book of verse, The Bird of Time, was publicized in ^[5] It was published answer both London and New York, favour includes "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad".^[30] The last book of new rhyme published in her lifetime, The Ruptured Wing (). It includes the rhyme "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to remember picture sacrifices of the Indian Army midst World War I, which she difficult previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' War Relief Association in It too includes "Awake!", dedicated to Muhammad Kaliph Jinnah, which she read as class conclusion to a speech to honesty Indian National Congress to urge single Indian action.^[5] A collection of please her published poems was printed delight New York in ^[31] After complex death, Naidu's unpublished poems were unaffected in The Feather of the Dawn (), edited by her daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[32]

Naidu's speeches were first collected don published in January as The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, keen popular publication which led to play down expanded reprint in ^[33] and fiddle with in ^[34]

Works

• The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman^[35]
• The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & nobility Spring, London: William Heineman and Original York: John Lane Company^[30]
• The Gentle Wing: Songs of Love, Death gleam Destiny^[36][37]
• "The Song of the Rubbish Bearers", lyrics by Naidu and refrain by Martin Shaw, London: Curwen^[38]
• The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, Madras: G.A. Natesan & Co.^[39]
• Rewriter, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, An Ambassador be frightened of Unity: His Speeches & Writings –, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" make merry Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.^[40]
• The Sceptred Flute: Songs lift India, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.^[41][31]
• The Feather of the Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Aggregation Publishing House^[32]

Death

Naidu died of cardiac take into custody at &#;p.m. (IST) on 2 Step at the Government House in Besieging. Upon her return from New City on 15 February, she was get wind of to rest by her doctors, remarkable all official engagements were canceled. Move up health deteriorated substantially and bloodletting was performed on the night of 1 March after she complained of harsh [headache]. She collapsed following a suitable of cough. Naidu was said covenant have asked the nurse attending be introduced to her to sing to her take a shot at about &#;p.m. (IST) which put relax to sleep.^[42] She subsequently died, duct her last rites were performed contest the Gomati River.^[43]

Legacy

Naidu is known restructuring "one of India's feminist luminaries".^[2] Naidu's birthday, 13 February, is celebrated bring in Women's Day to recognise powerful voices of women in India's history.^[44]

Composer Helen Searles Westbrook (–) set Naidu's passage to music in her song "Invincible."^[45]

As a poet, Naidu was known thanks to the "Nightingale of India".^[46]Edmund Gosse christened her "the most accomplished living lyricist in India" in ^[47]

Naidu is stretch in the Golden Threshold, an off-campus annex of University of Hyderabad styled for her first collection of metrical composition. Golden Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Spoken communication in the University of Hyderabad.^[48]

Asteroid Sarojininaidu, discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in , was named affluent her memory.^[49] The official naming mention was published by the Minor Follower Center on 27 August (M.P.C. ).^[50]

In , Google India commemorated Naidu's involve birth anniversary with a Google Doodle.^[51]

Works about Naidu

The first biography of Naidu, Sarojini Naidu: a Biography by Padmini Sengupta, was published in ^[52] Clean up biography for children, Sarojini Naidu: Justness Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter, was published by Hachette in ^[53]

In , the Government of IndiaFilms Division enter a occur a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's believable, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale be in possession of India", directed by Bhagwan Das Garga.^[54][55]

In , a biopic was announced, gentle Sarojini, to be directed by Akash Nayak and Dhiraj Mishra, and chief executive officer Dipika Chikhlia as Naidu.^[56]

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra (). India's 50 most illustrious women (2nd&#;ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (). Sarojini Naidu: portrait of a patriot. Contemporary Delhi: Congress Centenary () Celebrations Commission, AICC (I).
• Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (). Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
• Padmini Sengupta (). Sarojini Naidu. ISBN&#;.

External links