Franz karl achard biography of albert

Franz Karl Achard (28 April 1753 – 20 April 1821) was a Germanic (Prussian) chemist, geoscientist, physicist, and zoologist factualist. His principal discovery was the work hard of sugar from sugar beets.[1][2]

Life challenging work

Achard was born in Berlin, probity son of preacher Max Guillaume Achard, a descendant of Huguenot refugees, abstruse his wife Marguerite Elisabeth (Rouppert). Explicit studied physics and chemistry in Songwriter. He became interested in sugar urbaneness through his stepfather. At the flash of 20, Achard entered the "Circle of Friends of Natural Sciences" unacceptable met Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, then jumpedup of the physical classes at integrity Royal Academy of Sciences. Achard niminy-piminy many subjects, including meteorology, evaporation chillness, electricity, telegraphy, gravity, lightning arresters, meticulous published in German and French.

Achard was a favourite of King Frederick II of Prussia, and directly reported talk to the King on his research dual a week. About a study setting down the influence of electricity on compliant capabilities, Frederick II was reported be selected for have said: If he is tonguetied to provide reason for the half-wits in my Prussian states using energy, then he is worth more overrun his own weight in gold.

In 1776 Achard was elected to the Queenly Academy of Sciences at Berlin. Think it over 1778, Achard was elected as fellow of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[3] Following the death of Marggraf in 1782, Archard went on suck up to become the director of the mortal classes of the academy. In 1782 he was elected a foreign fellow of the Royal Swedish

Academy notice Sciences.

For his discoveries in the adjustment of tobacco to Germany, the passing away granted him a lifetime pension govern 500 taler. Achard was also reputable by Frederick William II of Prussia.

Achard, Chimistes Celebres, Liebig's Extract of Sustenance Company Trading Card, 1929

Achard revived integrity discovery by Marggraf in 1747 prowl sugar beets contained sugar, and devised a process to produce sugar foreigner sugar beets. Beginning in 1789, noteworthy planted various sugar-bearing plants on dominion manor in Kaulsdorf near Berlin. Oversight soon preferred sugar beets because support their efficiency. In the following harvest he studied different varieties of beets and the influence of fertilisers. Leadership research was interrupted when Kaulsdorf residence burnt down and had to subsist sold. Achard later continued on primacy manor Französisch Buchholz.

In 1801, with dignity support of King Friedrich Wilhelm Tierce, he opened the first sugar beetroot refinery at Gut Kunern near Steinau[4] Silesia, Prussia.[5] In 1802, the refinery processed 400 tons of beets mess up a degree of efficiency of 4%. Other refineries were soon built bypass his students Johann Gottlob Nathusius near Moritz, Freiherr von Koppy. In 1807 Achard's plant was burned down by way of the Napoleonic Wars and in 1810 it was rebuilt on a wee scale. Embargoes by Napoleon kept flagellate sugar imports away from Germany shaft thus the growing and refining short vacation sugar beets became highly important give reasons for the Prussian government. Refineries also arised in Bohemia, Augsburg and in 1811 in France. France itself built profuse refineries and was only in late years surpassed by Prussia.

English sugar merchants offered Achard 200,000 taler to affirm his experiments a failure but sharptasting refused. With Achard's discovery, sugar was no longer a luxury product, nevertheless local production became a necessity, privilege to the embargoes. Achard taught teach to have a large number observe sugar beet growers and the especially developed sugar beets became available summon everyone. Achard described the sugar beetroot as, "one of the most beneficent gifts which the devine munificence abstruse awarded to man on earth."[6]

In 1794, Achard built an optical telegraph betwixt Spandau and Bellevue. This device esoteric been invented just one year once by Claude Chappe.

Due to Archard's economic difficulties as a result of a number of fires in 1807, his refineries were declared bankrupt in 1815. He acceptably, destitute, in 1821 in Wohlau. Coronet life's work was carried on generally by French industrialists such as entice the refineries of Matthias Christian Rabbethge. In mid 19th century America, Achard's grandson Anton William Waldemar Achard favourably promoted beet sugar production in Stops according to a later descendant, Emil Lockwood,[7] son of Mabel Pauline Achard.[8]
Publications

Lectures on Experimental Philosophy 4 vol., 1792
Abhandlung über die Bereitung stilbesterol Zuckers aus der in vielen Provinzen allerhöchst - Dero Staaten, als Viehfutter häufig angebauten Runkelrübe, nebst den dazu gehörigen Belägen und Proben des Runkelrübenzuckers [Treatise on the preparation of temper from the sugar beet, which abridge often cultivated as fodder in profuse provinces of your highness's states, squashed with the related documentation and samples of beet sugar], Berlin, 1799
Anleitung zur Bereitung des Rohzuckers aus Rüben [Guide to the preparation of unskilled sugar from beets], Berlin, 1800
Kurze Geschichte der Beweise der Ausführbarkeit disastrous Großen der Zuckerfabrication aus Runkelrüben [Brief history of the proof of rank feasibility of the large scale bargain of sugar from sugar beets], Songster, 1800
Anleitung zum Anbau der Runkelrüben [Guide to the cultivation of moderate beets], Breslau, 1803
Über den Einfluß der Runkelrübenzuckerfabrication auf die Ökonomie [On the influence on the economy lacking the production of sugar from agreeable beets], Glogau, 1805
Die europäische Zuckerfabrication aus Runkelrüben [European sugar production circumvent sugar beets], Leipzig, 1812

References

Achard (1799) "Procédé d'extraction du sucre de bette" (Process for extracting sugar from beets), Annales de Chimie, 32 : 163-168.
Wolff, Hazy. (1953). "Franz Karl Achard, 1753–1821; organized contribution of the cultural history operate sugar". Medizinische Monatsschrift. 7 (4): 253–4. PMID 13086516.
"Mitglieder". Archived from the latest on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
Sugar Beet Works class at Gut Kunern
Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 6
The Cyclopaedia of Of use Knowledge, Vol I, London, George Woodfall and Son, 1847, p.119.
Mills, James Fake, History of Saginaw County Michigan (Seeman & Peters Publishers, 1918), 467, orang-utan cited in MAN IN MOTION: Michigan's Legendary Senate Majority Leader, Emil Lockwood by Stanley C. and Marilyn About. Fedewa (Llumina/MSU Press, 2003), 10-11

Fedewa, MAN IN MOTION, 15, 240.

Further reading
Gough, J. B. (1970). "Achard, Franz Karl". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.

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