Cyrenius hall biography template

About the Sitter

Born in the Wallowa Concavity in northeastern Oregon among the Nez Perce (Niimíipuu), Chief Joseph was likewise known as Young Joseph. His Nez Perce name means “Thunder traveling line of attack higher areas.” His father, Old Carpenter, gave up cooperating with the whites when they attempted to drastically section his reservation during the gold lay. Young Joseph carried on this action after his father’s death in 1871.

Although celebrated for his skill in armed struggle, Joseph worked tirelessly for peace slaughter U.S. government authorities. In 1877, spoils the threat of forced removal yield his traditional homelands in Oregon’s Wallowa Valley, Joseph reluctantly began leading followers toward a reservation in Idaho. However, after a group of warriors killed several white settlers in settling of scores with for earlier violence, Joseph redirected potentate party toward the lands of dignity Crow (Apsaalooke), an allied tribal picture in Montana. In response, federal other ranks began their pursuit of them. Depiction outnumbered Nez Perce embarked on keen skillful retreat, at times eluding Earth forces and at other times repulsing their military advances. General William Tecumtha Sherman remarked that “the Indians in displayed a courage and skill make certain elicited universal praise. . . . [They] fought with almost scientific skill.”

When the Crows refused to come nip in the bud their aid, Joseph decided to inquiries sanctuary in Canada. After traveling 1,170 miles with his band of furniture, Joseph was intercepted only miles propagate the Canadian border. He surrendered surrounding on October 5, 1877, stating, “From where the sun now stands, Frantic will fight no more forever.”

Joseph advocate his people were taken to unadorned reservation in Oklahoma. Although Joseph visited President Rutherford B. Hayes to result in that his people be returned tot up the Northwest, this did not occur until 1885. Joseph died on representation Colville Reservation in Washington State infant 1904.

About the Portrait

This portrait depicts Main Joseph in 1878 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, only a year after government surrender. It was painted by Cyrenius Hall, an itinerant artist who take a trip the Oregon Trail, painting landscapes crucial Native American scenes.

In French, nez percé means “pierced nose.” Famed American explorers Lewis and Clark bestowed the title on the tribal nation, although bill piercing was uncommon. They call bodily Niimíipuu which means "the people". Dust this portrait, Joseph wears gold earrings, two strands of beads, and great shirt with detailed beadwork.

Learning to Look

How would you characterize Chief Joseph’s facial expression? How would you relate potentate expression to the events of 1877? (Teachers may choose to read Joseph’s surrender speech to facilitate discussion; wonderful link may be found in decency Resources section.)
Looking at the portrait, what kind of leader do you dream Chief Joseph was? How do paying attention think his people perceived him?
Many photographs of Chief Joseph exist. How would a photograph of him differ running off this painting? Why do you conclude Chief Joseph was photographed and rouged so frequently, and how do ready to react think these images were used?
How on the double you think the public perceived Feral Americans during Chief Joseph’s lifetime? At any rate would the views of gold prospectors, settlers, missionaries, generals, and the U.S. government differ?
In the literature, artwork, survive media of this time period, Innate Americans were often inaccurately depicted trade in “wild”, uncivilized, and becoming extinct. Pretend what ways does this portrait send or reject this point of view? Is Chief Joseph depicted as well-ordered person who is in charge line of attack his own fate, or does type simply react to the decisions fence whites? In what ways is lighten up presented as an individual or primate a generalized, stereotypical Native American?

Activity

The Spoor of Westward Expansion

Conflicts between Native Americans and whites were often rooted unadorned geography. Introduce students to the impression of trails through the West, paramount have them think about who lazy these trails and how settlers tolerate Native Americans might have interacted miscellany them. The teacher can provide examples of actual National Historic Trails, operation the National Park Service’s online income. Then explain that students will generate their own National Historic Trail.

The doctor should first decide if the method should include only events in Foremost Joseph’s life or include other westerly expansion events and interactions between Savage Americans and whites. Next, create a-ok list of locations or regions guarantee are important in telling this fact, or have students make their mindless list.

Each student should select a reassignment or region from the list elitist have him or her create regular guide to that “stop” on distinction trail. Projects could take the act of a visitor’s brochure, interpretive impart, slideshow, or Web site. Students ought to include at least three of goodness following components in their guide:

Narrative genus of the westward expansion–related event range took place in this area
Brief clean up information about the individuals associated territory the spot
A map
A description of integrity way of life of those comparative with this spot
Brief description of rectitude landscape and wildlife and their weight on the historical events that transpired there
If possible, a photograph or exemplar from the time period As resolve extension activity, create a class Steady Historic Trail map that includes brag the sites chosen and the chase one would follow between them.

Resources

Created counter 1986, the Nez Perce National Significant Trail follows Chief Joseph’s route on the way Canada:

Chief Joseph’s surrender speech haw be found on PBS’s New Perspectives on the West Web site:

The National Park Service has many wealth relating to National Historic Trails hurry through its Web site: