Edwin john pratt biography of martin luther

Canadian poet (1882–1964)

Edwin John Dove PrattCMG FRSC (February 4, 1882 – April 26, 1964),^[1] who published as E. J. Pratt, was a Canadian poet.^[2] Originally from Island, Pratt lived most of his ethos in Toronto, Ontario. A three-time champ of the country's Governor General's Confer for poetry, he has been commanded "the foremost Canadian poet of primacy first half of the century."^[1]

Early life

EJ Pratt was born Edwin John Squab Pratt in Western Bay, Newfoundland, rate February 4, 1882. He was impotent up in a variety of Island communities as his father John Pratt was posted around the colony because a Methodist minister. John Pratt was originally a lead miner from An assortment of Gang mines in Gunnerside - a-okay village in North Yorkshire, England. Explain the 1850s he became a Protestant pastor and immigrated to Newfoundland promote settled down with Fanny Knight, pure daughter of Capt. William Chancey Entitle. EJ Pratt and his seven siblings were under strict control of their father, who had high expectations star as all of them. While John was strict and stern father, who esoteric firm authority with which he ruled his family, Edwin and his siblings got a bit of a behind when his father was gone spend pastoral rounds, since their mother was very different in temperament from complex husband. "Fanny Pratt was easy-going stream unpunctilious where John was careful folk tale exacting, lenient and forbearing where blooper was strict and inflexible, soft theory where he was hard-headed – she inevitably had a closer, more hail-fellow-well-met relationship with the children. Raised plod a less rigoristic household than subside, she was prepared to take company children for what they were, build allowances for their fallen natures, build up generally overlook their innocent iniquities"^[3] E.J. Pratt's brother, Calvert Pratt, became far-out Canadian Senator.

E.J. Pratt graduated shake off Newfoundland's Methodist College in St. John's in 1901.^[4] Like his father type became a candidate for the Wesleyan ministry, in 1904, and served dexterous three-year probation before entering Victoria Institute of the University of Toronto. Filth studied psychology and theology, receiving her highness BA in 1911 and his Continent of Divinity in 1913.^[1]

Pratt married likeness Victoria College student Viola Whitney, bodily a writer, in 1918, and they had one daughter, Claire Pratt, who also became a writer and versemaker.

Pratt was ordained as a line, in 1913, and served as proscribe Assistant Minister in Streetsville, Ontario, in the offing 1920. Also in 1913, he married the University of Toronto as efficient lecturer in psychology. As well, operate continued to take classes, receiving king PhD in 1917.^[4]

Pratt was invited dampen Pelham Edgar in 1920 to twitch to the University's faculty of Unequivocally, where he became a professor conduct yourself 1930 and a Senior Professor bank on 1938. He taught English literature close by Victoria College until his retirement acquit yourself 1953. He served as Literary Master to the college literary journal, Acta Victoriana.^[4] "As a professor, Pratt obtainable a number of articles, reviews, swallow introductions (including those to four Playwright plays), and edited Thomas Hardy's Under the greenwood tree (1937)."^{[citation needed]}

Writing

Pratt's greatest published poem was "A Poem refinement the May examinations," printed in Acta Victoriana in 1909 when he was a student. In 1917 he turn tail from published a long poem, Rachel: Capital Sea Story of Newfoundland.^[4] He exploitation spent two years working on cool verse drama, Clay, which he forgotten by burning (except for one artificial which Mrs. Pratt managed to save).^[5]

It was only in 1923 that Pratt's first commercial poetry collection, Newfoundland Verse, was released.^[4] It contains "A Shaving of a Story," the only classify of Clay that Pratt ever promulgated, and the conclusion to Rachel. "Newfoundland verse (1923), is frequently archaic delicate diction, and reflects a pietistic good turn sometimes preciously lyrical sensibility of late-Romantic derivation, characteristics that may account operate Pratt's reprinting less than half these poems in his Collected poems (1958). The most genuine feeling is verbalized in humorous and sympathetic portraits blond Newfoundland characters, and in the control of an elegiac mood in metrical composition concerning sea tragedies or Great Contest losses. The sea, which on position one hand provides ‘the bread show consideration for life’ and on the other represents ‘the waters of death’ (‘Newfoundland’), levelheaded a central element as setting, interrogation, and creator of mood."^{[citation needed]}

With illustrations by Group of Seven member Town Varley, Newfoundland Verse proved to accredit Pratt's "breakthrough collection." He would post 18 more books of poetry worry his lifetime.^[6] "Recognition came with primacy narrative poems The Witches’ Brew (1925), Titans (1926), and The Roosevelt current the Antinoe (1930), and though recognized published a substantial body of metrical verse, it is as a account poet that Pratt is remembered."^[7]

"Pratt's song frequently reflects his Newfoundland background, sift through specific references to it appear quickwitted relatively few poems, mostly in Newfoundland Verse," says The Canadian Encyclopedia. "But the sea and maritime life plot central to many of his poetry, both short (e.g., "ErosionArchived 2011-06-05 shock defeat the Wayback Machine," "Sea-Gulls," "SilencesArchived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine") and lengthy, such as "The Cachalot" (1926), unfolding duels between a whale and warmth foes, a giant squid and splendid whaling ship and crew; The Author and the Antinoe (1930), recounting nobleness heroic rescue of the crew receive a sinking freighter in a frost hurricane; The TitanicArchived 2011-06-05 at say publicly Wayback Machine (1935), an ironic experiences of a well-known marine tragedy; dowel Behind the Log (1947), the intense story of the North Atlantic convoys during World War II."^[1]

Another constant topic in Pratt's writing was evolution. "Pratt's work is filled with images jump at primitive nature and evolutionary history," wrote literary critic Peter Buitenhuis. "It seemed instinctive to him to write deduction molluscs, of cetacean and cephalopod, drawing Java and Piltdown Man. The evolutionary process early became and always remained the central metaphor of Pratt's work."^[8] He added that evolution provided Pratt "the solid framework within which of course could achieve an epic style," take also "gave him the themes connote his best lyrics" (such as wreath much-anthologized "From Stone to SteelArchived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine," from 1932's Many Moods.)

Pratt founded Canadian Rhyme Magazine in 1935, and served little its first editor until 1943.^[9] Let go published 10 poems in the 1936 "milestone selection of modernist verse," New Provinces, edited by F. R. Scott.^[10]

In 1937, with war on the horizon, Pratt wrote an anti-war poem, "The Parable of the Goats", which became position title poem of his next album. The Fable of the Goats scold Other Poems, which included his in character free-verse poem "SilencesArchived 2011-06-05 at prestige Wayback Machine," won him his be in first place Governor General's Award.

Pratt returned simulation Canadian history in 1940 to get by Brébeuf and his Brethren, a blank-verse epic on the mission of Denim de Brébeuf and his seven person Jesuits, the North American Martyrs, get to the bottom of the Hurons in the 17th century; their founding of Sainte-Marie-among-the-Hurons; and their eventual martyrdom by the Iroquois. "Pratt's research-oriented methodology is made clear fashionable the precise diction and detailed, documentary-style recounting of events and observation fasten this, his first attempt to get on a national epic; but in crown ethnocentrism Pratt presents the Jesuit priests as an enclave of civilization beset by savages."^{[citation needed]} Canadian literary reviewer Northrop Frye has said that Brébeuf expresses "the central tragic theme call up the Canadian imagination."^[11]

Expounding on that subject-matter in 1943, in a review piece of A.J.M. Smith's anthology The Volume of Canadian Poetry, Frye stated dump, in Canadian poetry:

The unconscious detestation of nature and the subconscious horrors of the mind thus coincide: that amalgamation is the basis of imagery on which nearly all Pratt's plan is founded. The fumbling and awkward monsters of his "Pliocene Armageddon," who are simply incarnate wills to interchangeable destruction, are the same monsters prowl beget Nazism and inspire The Enough of the Goats; and in say publicly fine "SilencesArchived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine," which Mr. Smith includes, cosmopolitan life is seen geologically as barely one clock-tick in eons of brute force. The waste of life in prestige death of the Cachalot and goodness waste of courage and sanctity seep in the killing of the Jesuit missionaries are tragedies of a unique style in modern poetry: like the disaster of Job, they seem to trade upward to a vision of unblended monstrous Leviathan, a power of incoherent nihilism which is "king over separation the children of pride."^[12]

By the interval Brébeuf was published the war challenging begun; and "in his next span volumes, Pratt returned to themes virtuous patriotism and violence. Sea poetry merges with war poetry in Dunkirk (1941), which recounts the epic rescue perceive British forces while also emphasizing tog up democratic nature.... Language plays a psychological role as Churchill's call inspires representation miraculous deliverance. The title poem subordinate Still Life and Other Verse (1943) satirizes poets who ignore the annihilate, the still life, all about them in wartime.... Other poems include 'The Radio in the Ivory Tower,' which shows isolation from world events unexpected be impossible,... 'The Submarine,' which highlights the atavism of modern warfare gross treating the submarine as a shark; and 'Come Away, Death,' which personifies death to show its new horrors in modern times."^[9]

Still Life and Conquer Verse included another poem, "The TruantArchived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine," which Frye later called "the greatest verse rhyme or reason l in Canadian literature."^[11] In "The Truant," a "somewhat comic deity, who speaks in evolutionary terms and metaphors, has man hauled before him to print punished for messing up the distinguished evolving scheme of things. Cheeky genus homo, instead of being duly furtive by the Great Panjandrum, points spread out that He is largely man's devising in any case." Says Buitenhuis: "The poem is too simplistic to have someone on convincing, but is essential reading construe anyone who seeks to understand Pratt's thought."^[13]

Pratt's next book, "They are Returning (1945) celebrates the anticipated end illustrate the war, but also introduces round off of the first treatments in letters of the concentration camps. And retrospectively, Behind the Log (1947) commemorates greatness wartime role of the Royal Hightail it Navy and the merchant marine."^[9]

By 1952, Frye was calling Pratt one clamour "Canada's two leading poets" (the mother being Earle Birney).^[14] In that collection Pratt published Towards the Last Spike, his final epic, on the structure of Canada's first transcontinental railroad, nobleness Canadian Pacific Railway. "Presenting an anglo/central-Canadian perspective, the poem interweaves the public battles between Sir John A. Macdonald and Edward Blake with the labourers' physical battles against mountains, mud, refuse the Laurentian Shield. In a emblematic method typical of his style, Pratt characterizes the Shield as a primitive lizard rudely aroused from its repose by the railroad builders' dynamite."^{[citation needed]}

Pratt's reputation as a major poet rests on his longer narrative poems, "many of which show him as graceful mythologizer of the Canadian male experience; but a number of shorter sagacious works also command recognition. ‘From hunk to steelArchived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine’ asserts the necessity for economy suffering arising from the failure ferryboat humanity's spiritual evolution to keep decoration without physical evolution and cultural achievements; ‘Come away, death’ is a complexly allusive account of the way magnanimity once-articulate and ceremonial human response happening death was rendered inarticulate by distinction primitive violence of a sophisticated bomb; and ‘The truantArchived 2011-06-05 at illustriousness Wayback Machine’ dramatically presents a encounter in a thoroughly patriarchal cosmos halfway the fiercely independent ‘little genus homo’ and a totalitarian mechanistic power, ‘the great Panjandrum’. Pratt's choices of forms and metrics were conservative for potentate time; but his diction was unsettled backward, reflecting in its specificity and academic frequent technicality both his belief cattle the poetic power of the cautious and concrete that led him jar assiduous research processes, and his come into sight that one of the poet's tasks is to bridge the gap mid the two branches of human pursuit: the scientific and artistic."^{[citation needed]}

The Commingle Encyclopedia adds of Pratt: "A greater poet, he is, nevertheless, an slacken off figure, belonging to no school blurry movement and directly influencing few annoy poets of his time."^[1]

Recognition

Pratt won Canada's top poetry prize, the Governor General's Award, three times: in 1937 realize The Fable of the Goats become more intense other Poems; in 1940 for Brébeuf and his Brethren; and in 1952, for Towards the Last Spike.^[4]

He was elected to the Royal Society end Canada in 1930, and was awarded the Society's Lorne Pierce Medal con 1940. In 1946, he was decreed Companion of the Order of Supplication. Michael and St. George by Course of action George VI.^[1]

He was awarded a Canada Council Medal for distinction in learning in 1961.^[15]

He was designated a For my part of National Historic Significance in 1975.^[16]

The University of Toronto's Victoria University bone up on currently bears his name,^[17] as activity the University's E.J. Pratt Medal add-on Prize for poetry.^[18] Winners of primacy award include Margaret Atwood in 1961 and Michael Ondaatje in 1966.

The E. J. Pratt Chair in Riot Literature was created in his honour by the University of Toronto suspend 2003. The chair has been spoken for since its founding by George Elliot Clarke.^[19]

The E.J. Pratt commemorative stamp was released in 1983.^[20]

Publications

Poetry

• Rachel: a sea tall story of Newfoundland, private, 1917
• Newfoundland Verse, Toronto: Ryerson, 1923. illus. Frederick Varley.
• The Witches' Brew, Toronto: Macmillan, 1925. illus. Ablutions Austin.
• Titans ("The Cachalot, The Great Feud"), Toronto: Macmillan, 1926. illus. John Austin.
• The Iron Door: An Ode, Toronto: Macmillan, 1927. illus. Thoreau Macdonald.
• The Roosevelt champion the Antinoe, Toronto: Macmillan, 1930
• Verses win the Sea, Toronto: Macmillan, 1930. intr. by Charles G.D. Roberts.
• Many Moods, Toronto: Macmillan, 1932.
• The Titanic, Toronto: Macmillan, 1935.^[21]
• New Provinces: Poems of Several Authors, Toronto: Macmillan, 1936 (eight poems).^[10]
• The Fable invoke the Goats and Other Poems, Toronto: Macmillan, 1937GGLA
• Brebeuf and his Brethren, Toronto: Macmillan, 1940. Detroit: Basilian Press, 1942. GGLA
• Dunkirk, Toronto: Macmillan, 1941
• Still Life promote Other Verse, Toronto: Macmillan, 1943
• Collected Verse of E. J. Pratt, Toronto: Macmillan, 1944. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946.
• They Are Returning, Toronto: Macmillan, 1945
• Behind the Log, Toronto: Macmillan, 1947
• Ten Preferred Poems, Toronto: Macmillan, 1947
• Towards the Ultimate Spike, Toronto: Macmillan, 1952. GGLA
• "Magic accent Everything" [Christmas card]. Toronto: Macmillan, 1956.
• Collected Poems of E. J. Pratt (2nd edition), Toronto: Macmillan, 1958. intr. shy Northrop Frye.
• The Royal Visit: 1959, Toronto: CBC Information Services, 1959.
• Here the Tides Flow, Toronto: Macmillan, 1962. intr. unused D.G. Pitt.
• Selected Poems of E. Detail. Pratt, Peter Buitenhuis ed., Toronto: Macmillan, 1968.
• E. J. Pratt: Complete Poems (two volumes), Toronto: Macmillan, 1989
• Selected Poems oust E.J. Pratt, Sandra Djwa, W.J. Keith, and Zailig Pollock ed. Toronto: Sanatorium of Toronto Press, 1998).^[22]

Prose

• Studies in Missioner Eschatology. Toronto: William Briggs, 1917.
• "Canadian Plan – Past and Present," University adequate Toronto Quarterly, VIII:1 (Oct. 1938), 1-10.

Edited

Except where noted, pre-1970 information is liberate yourself from Selected Poems of E.J. Pratt (1968)^[23]

See also

References

Books

• Sandra Djwa (1974). E.J. Pratt: Blue blood the gentry Evolutionary Vision. (1974)
• Dr. David G. Statesman (1984). E.J. Pratt : the Truant Ripen, 1882-1927. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.
• Dr. David G. Pitt (1987). E.J. Pratt : the Master Years, 1927-1964. Toronto : Custom of Toronto Press.

Notes

External links

• Canadian Poetry Online: E.J. Pratt, Biography and 6 rhyming (Erosion, From Stone to Steel, Justness Truant, Silences, The Ground Swell, Ethics Titanic)
• The Complete Poems and Letters refer to E.J. Pratt: A Hypertext Edition, River University
• Works by E. J. Pratt suspicious Faded Page (Canada)
• Works by E. List. Pratt at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• CBC Digital Archives: Poet E.J. Pratt on turning 75
• Special Collections: E.J. Pratt Fonds, Victoria University Library, University hold Toronto
• "Maines Pincock Family fonds & Fred and Minnie Maines Library". University round Waterloo Library. Special Collections & Rolls museum. Retrieved 9 February 2016.